Suchergebnisse

Population ageing, changes in the social structure, the increase of the role of the social partnership, economic downturns, the globalisation, and technological development encourage reforms in the social security, especially in the pension field. We could underline four groups of factors, impeding changes in the pension policy: demographic (increase of life expectancy, decline in the fertility rate, ageing); social (inequality issues and changes in the employment structures); economic (economic crisis and globalisation); and political. The coherent social security investment policy and the creation of the pension reserve fund is one of the key elements to ensure the sustainability of the pension system guarantees for the future generations in the light of social and economic downturns. Moreover, besides the investment policy, the modern pension policy should provide adequate and targeted income support for all population, encourage the participation in the labour market, ensure uniform access, and transparency. The aim of the social security investment policy and the creation of the pension reserve fund is to guarantee sufficient amounts for future generations. By ensuring the implementation of the principle of social solidarity between generations and taking into account the social-economic challenges in the future towards the pension guarantees, the pension reserve fund and the investment policy should be implemented in the social policy. The need for a social security investment policy in Cambodia is clearly stated following the recommendations of the European Union experts: since the Cambodian population is still very young with an average age of approximately 24, the pension contribution inflows may be well above the needs to pay out benefits. Depending on the legislation, pension benefits may not be paid at all in the first years of the scheme's operation. This implies that accumulated financial reserves inevitably should be invested somewhere safely, responsibly and profitably. Exchanges and analysis of the best international pension policy practices are the key elements to design or reform the pension system and the expertise of EU funded SOCIEUX+ programme contributes to achieve this goal.

Population ageing, changes in the social structure, the increase of the role of the social partnership, economic downturns, the globalisation, and technological development encourage reforms in the social security, especially in the pension field. We could underline four groups of factors, impeding changes in the pension policy: demographic (increase of life expectancy, decline in the fertility rate, ageing); social (inequality issues and changes in the employment structures); economic (economic crisis and globalisation); and political. The coherent social security investment policy and the creation of the pension reserve fund is one of the key elements to ensure the sustainability of the pension system guarantees for the future generations in the light of social and economic downturns. Moreover, besides the investment policy, the modern pension policy should provide adequate and targeted income support for all population, encourage the participation in the labour market, ensure uniform access, and transparency. The aim of the social security investment policy and the creation of the pension reserve fund is to guarantee sufficient amounts for future generations. By ensuring the implementation of the principle of social solidarity between generations and taking into account the social-economic challenges in the future towards the pension guarantees, the pension reserve fund and the investment policy should be implemented in the social policy. The need for a social security investment policy in Cambodia is clearly stated following the recommendations of the European Union experts: since the Cambodian population is still very young with an average age of approximately 24, the pension contribution inflows may be well above the needs to pay out benefits. Depending on the legislation, pension benefits may not be paid at all in the first years of the scheme's operation. This implies that accumulated financial reserves inevitably should be invested somewhere safely, responsibly and profitably. Exchanges and analysis of the best international pension policy practices are the key elements to design or reform the pension system and the expertise of EU funded SOCIEUX+ programme contributes to achieve this goal.

Population ageing, changes in the social structure, the increase of the role of the social partnership, economic downturns, the globalisation, and technological development encourage reforms in the social security, especially in the pension field. We could underline four groups of factors, impeding changes in the pension policy: demographic (increase of life expectancy, decline in the fertility rate, ageing); social (inequality issues and changes in the employment structures); economic (economic crisis and globalisation); and political. The coherent social security investment policy and the creation of the pension reserve fund is one of the key elements to ensure the sustainability of the pension system guarantees for the future generations in the light of social and economic downturns. Moreover, besides the investment policy, the modern pension policy should provide adequate and targeted income support for all population, encourage the participation in the labour market, ensure uniform access, and transparency. The aim of the social security investment policy and the creation of the pension reserve fund is to guarantee sufficient amounts for future generations. By ensuring the implementation of the principle of social solidarity between generations and taking into account the social-economic challenges in the future towards the pension guarantees, the pension reserve fund and the investment policy should be implemented in the social policy. The need for a social security investment policy in Cambodia is clearly stated following the recommendations of the European Union experts: since the Cambodian population is still very young with an average age of approximately 24, the pension contribution inflows may be well above the needs to pay out benefits. Depending on the legislation, pension benefits may not be paid at all in the first years of the scheme's operation. This implies that accumulated financial reserves inevitably should be invested somewhere safely, responsibly and profitably. Exchanges and analysis of the best international pension policy practices are the key elements to design or reform the pension system and the expertise of EU funded SOCIEUX+ programme contributes to achieve this goal.

Population ageing, changes in the social structure, the increase of the role of the social partnership, economic downturns, the globalisation, and technological development encourage reforms in the social security, especially in the pension field. We could underline four groups of factors, impeding changes in the pension policy: demographic (increase of life expectancy, decline in the fertility rate, ageing); social (inequality issues and changes in the employment structures); economic (economic crisis and globalisation); and political. The coherent social security investment policy and the creation of the pension reserve fund is one of the key elements to ensure the sustainability of the pension system guarantees for the future generations in the light of social and economic downturns. Moreover, besides the investment policy, the modern pension policy should provide adequate and targeted income support for all population, encourage the participation in the labour market, ensure uniform access, and transparency. The aim of the social security investment policy and the creation of the pension reserve fund is to guarantee sufficient amounts for future generations. By ensuring the implementation of the principle of social solidarity between generations and taking into account the social-economic challenges in the future towards the pension guarantees, the pension reserve fund and the investment policy should be implemented in the social policy. The need for a social security investment policy in Cambodia is clearly stated following the recommendations of the European Union experts: since the Cambodian population is still very young with an average age of approximately 24, the pension contribution inflows may be well above the needs to pay out benefits. Depending on the legislation, pension benefits may not be paid at all in the first years of the scheme's operation. This implies that accumulated financial reserves inevitably should be invested somewhere safely, responsibly and profitably. Exchanges and analysis of the best international pension policy practices are the key elements to design or reform the pension system and the expertise of EU funded SOCIEUX+ programme contributes to achieve this goal.

The aim of this article is to define the legislationAzerbaijan state social security pension system and latest reforms,influenced by the recent economic crisis and demographic – social challenges, and to provide with the conclusionsin the state social guarantees context. In this paper author analyses challenges and presents conclusionsand recommendations for further pension system reforms in Azerbaijan. ; Šio straipsnio tikslas – išanalizuoti Azerbaidžano Respublikos valstybinio socialinio draudimo pensijų sistemos teisinioreguliavimo nuostatas ir naujausias reformas, nulemtas ekonomikos krizės bei demografinių ir socialinių iššūkių,ir pateikti išvadas atsižvelgiant į valstybės socialinių garantijų išsaugojimo kontekstą. Straipsnyje nagrinėjamospensijų sistemos problemos ir pateikiama išvadų bei rekomendacijų tolesnėms reformoms Azerbaidžane.

This article analyses highlights of the occupational pension fund regulatory provisions at the European Union institutional level and in Lithuania, the organisation of the occupational pension schemes and problems. Also this article examines the relationship between the current pay-as-you-go system and the second pillar pension funds, assessing occupational pensions funds development opportunities for Lithuania. The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of funded pension system, evaluating occupational pensions funds system in Lithuania in line with the principle of solidarity. The author points out, that prior to the reform of the social security system and the introduction of incentives for the creation of occupational pension funds, it is necessary not only to review the legal regulation (introducing incentives for active participation in pension funds, creating alternative pension schemes, creation of the economic crisis stabilization mechanisms), but also the identification of occupational pensions funds organizational problems. ; Šiame straipsnyje analizuojamos profesinių pensijų fondų teisinio reguliavimo nuostatos Europos Sąjungos instituciniu lygmeniu ir Lietuvoje, profesinių pensijų fondų veiklos schemos ir problematika. Atskleidžiami esminiai Lietuvos profesinių pensijų sistemos trūkumai ir pateikiami galimi šių trūkumų šalinimo pasiūlymai. Straipsnio tikslas – pateikti profesinių pensijų fondų instituto analizę ir atskleisti probleminius šio instituto taikymo aspektus. Straipsnis skiriamas finansų rinkos dalyviams, teisininkams ir šia sritimi besidomintiems mokslininkams.

This article analyses highlights of the occupational pension fund regulatory provisions at the European Union institutional level and in Lithuania, the organisation of the occupational pension schemes and problems. Also this article examines the relationship between the current pay-as-you-go system and the second pillar pension funds, assessing occupational pensions funds development opportunities for Lithuania. The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of funded pension system, evaluating occupational pensions funds system in Lithuania in line with the principle of solidarity. The author points out, that prior to the reform of the social security system and the introduction of incentives for the creation of occupational pension funds, it is necessary not only to review the legal regulation (introducing incentives for active participation in pension funds, creating alternative pension schemes, creation of the economic crisis stabilization mechanisms), but also the identification of occupational pensions funds organizational problems.

This article analyses highlights of the occupational pension fund regulatory provisions at the European Union institutional level and in Lithuania, the organisation of the occupational pension schemes and problems. Also this article examines the relationship between the current pay-as-you-go system and the second pillar pension funds, assessing occupational pensions funds development opportunities for Lithuania. The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of funded pension system, evaluating occupational pensions funds system in Lithuania in line with the principle of solidarity. The author points out, that prior to the reform of the social security system and the introduction of incentives for the creation of occupational pension funds, it is necessary not only to review the legal regulation (introducing incentives for active participation in pension funds, creating alternative pension schemes, creation of the economic crisis stabilization mechanisms), but also the identification of occupational pensions funds organizational problems.

This article analyses highlights of the occupational pension fund regulatory provisions at the European Union institutional level and in Lithuania, the organisation of the occupational pension schemes and problems. Also this article examines the relationship between the current pay-as-you-go system and the second pillar pension funds, assessing occupational pensions funds development opportunities for Lithuania. The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of funded pension system, evaluating occupational pensions funds system in Lithuania in line with the principle of solidarity. The author points out, that prior to the reform of the social security system and the introduction of incentives for the creation of occupational pension funds, it is necessary not only to review the legal regulation (introducing incentives for active participation in pension funds, creating alternative pension schemes, creation of the economic crisis stabilization mechanisms), but also the identification of occupational pensions funds organizational problems.

This article analyses highlights of the occupational pension fund regulatory provisions at the European Union institutional level and in Lithuania, the organisation of the occupational pension schemes and problems. Also this article examines the relationship between the current pay-as-you-go system and the second pillar pension funds, assessing occupational pensions funds development opportunities for Lithuania. The article analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of funded pension system, evaluating occupational pensions funds system in Lithuania in line with the principle of solidarity. The author points out, that prior to the reform of the social security system and the introduction of incentives for the creation of occupational pension funds, it is necessary not only to review the legal regulation (introducing incentives for active participation in pension funds, creating alternative pension schemes, creation of the economic crisis stabilization mechanisms), but also the identification of occupational pensions funds organizational problems.

The aim of this article is to define the Japanese, South Korean and Lithuanian latest pension system reforms and measures during economic crisis. Problems of the Japanese, S. Korean and Lithuanian pension systems are similar to the others industrial Asian or European Union countries: ageing, impact of economic crisis and pension system budget deficit. Moreover, the Japanese, S. Korean and Lithuanian population ageing rapidly (low birth rate, longer life expectancy) and it influences the entire society and requires more complex and pressing pension systems reforms. All countries of the world fighting against the ageing and searching for the pension system financial sustainability. After the universal pension system reform in 1985, the task of Japanese government is to ensure for each participant an adequate and regular pension income, to implement the social justice and solidarity. Pension system reforms in S. Korea began intensively only since 1997 and this was associated with a global currency crisis. Since the end of the last century until 2009, S. Korean government has developed a modern social security and social assistance systems. The government is constantly increasing social security coverage and benefits (from 1999 to 2009, social benefits increased almost four times). However, the social security coverage is still insufficient, income disparities increasing and the financial disbalances require to reform the pension system for a long-term perspective. The pension system reform of 2003 and 2011 raised the wide discussion on the state social pension insurance system future development of Lithuania. This reform clearly demonstrates that the government in 2003 opted for a liberal position and in 2011 – it was decided to strengthen state social insurance guarantees. KEY WORDS: pension system, reform, crisis, ageing, Japan, S. Korea, Lithuania.

The aim of this article is to define the actual construction of the modern 21st century's Lithuanian pension system influenced by the last economic crisis and social challenges (ageing processes, raising social expenses) and implemented pension system reforms. Problems of the Lithuanian pension system are similar to those of the other European Union countries; therefore international organization recommendations and indications for future reforms should be evaluated and implemented. In this article Lithuanian pension system reforms are analyzed in the light of the recommendations of international organizations and situation in the European Union. Analysis of scientific literature, legal acts, documents, historical methods, were used. It may be used as methodical literature studying the actual processes in the field of the pension system reforms of Lithuania and experience of international organizations in this field. ; Šio straipsnio tikslas yra nustatyti šiuolaikinės XXI a. Lietuvos pensijų sistemos ypatumus, nulemtus pastarosios ekonominės krizės ir socialinių prielaidų (visuomenės senėjimas, socialinių išlaidų didėjimas), bei įgyvendintas pensijų sistemos reformas. Lietuvos pensijų sistemos problemos yra panašios į kitų Europos Sąjungos šalių, todėl, reformuojant pensijų sistemą, didelis dėmesys turėtų būti skirimas tarptautinių organizacijų rekomendacijoms šioje srityje. Lietuvos pensijų sistemos plėtra yra aktuali tema, nes pagrindinis pensijų sistemos uždavinys yra užtikrinti kiekvienam dalyviui pakankamas ir nuolatines pajamas senatvėje, gyvendinant esminius pensijų sistemos konstrukcijos principus – socialinį teisingumą, solidarumą bei nesumažinti valstybinio socialinio draudimo garantijų. Straipsnyje apžvelgiamos kaupiamųjų pensijų sistemos atsiradimo prielaidos, problematika ir naujos kaupiamųjų pensijų sistemos teisinio reglamentavimo analizė, pateikiami būsimos Lietuvos pensijų sistemos konstrukcijos vertinimai. Lietuvos pensijų sistemos konstrukcija turi būti grindžiama visų trijų pakopų plėtra, siekiant sistemos tvarumo ir finansinio stabilumo. Pensijų sistemos veikimas priklauso ir nuo lankstesnių darbo santykių reglamentavimo. Šiame straipsnyje analizuojamos Lietuvos pensijų sistemos reformos atsižvelgiant į tarptautinių organizacijų (Tarptautinės darbo organizacijos, Tarptautinės socialinės apsaugos asociacijos, Europos Sąjungos, Ekonominio bendradarbiavimo ir plėtros organizacijos) patirtį ir socialinę bei ekonominę padėtį Europos Sąjungoje. Prognozuojama, kad Lietuvoje toliau blogės demografinė padėtis, dėl menko užimtumo ir emigracijos aštrės socialiniai reiškiniai. Tarptautinės organizacijos savo rekomendacijose pabrėžia socialinių garantijų svarbą bei plėtrą ir būtinybę išmokų dydžius reguliuoti atsižvelgiant į ekonominę padėtį bei tikėtiną gyvenimo trukmę. Straipsnyje taikyti mokslinės literatūros analizės, teisės aktų analizės, dokumentų analizės ir istorinis metodai. Straipsnyje pateikiama medžiaga gali būti naudojama kaip metodinė literatūra, padedanti įvertinti vykstančius procesus Lietuvos pensijų sistemoje ir tarptautinių organizacijų patirtį šioje srityje.

The changing social and economic environment, globalization, public sector spending cuts, economic change encourage to search for optimal and effective social support system management methods. On the 1st of January 2012, monetary social care system change was initiated: 2012-2014 monetary social benefits (social allowance, heating cost, drinking water, and hot water cost compensations) were implemented using two models: • State wise (state delegates to municipalities) function (financed from the government budget); • Individualised function in five (Akmenė, Panevėžys, Radviliškis, Raseiniai and Šilalė regions) experimental (pilot) municipalities (financed from the municipality funds). However, the authors of the article believe that social care system effectiveness has to be further increased, not only increasing the number of decision making municipalities, but also pushing the quality of the reform upwards. Moreover, the administration of social care benefits has to cover up society's needs and priorities. Ineffective administration of social services may result in unfavourable results and future recessions can lead to increased costs for social services. Social care administrative effectiveness cannot be evaluated only from the financial side, social goals have to be considered, too, such as decreasing poverty, tackling social exclusion, lowering the effects of poverty traps for most vulnerable groups of people and helping families with children.

The changing social and economic environment, globalization, public sector spending cuts, economic change encourage to search for optimal and effective social support system management methods. On the 1st of January 2012, monetary social care system change was initiated: 2012-2014 monetary social benefits (social allowance, heating cost, drinking water, and hot water cost compensations) were implemented using two models: • State wise (state delegates to municipalities) function (financed from the government budget); • Individualised function in five (Akmenė, Panevėžys, Radviliškis, Raseiniai and Šilalė regions) experimental (pilot) municipalities (financed from the municipality funds). However, the authors of the article believe that social care system effectiveness has to be further increased, not only increasing the number of decision making municipalities, but also pushing the quality of the reform upwards. Moreover, the administration of social care benefits has to cover up society's needs and priorities. Ineffective administration of social services may result in unfavourable results and future recessions can lead to increased costs for social services. Social care administrative effectiveness cannot be evaluated only from the financial side, social goals have to be considered, too, such as decreasing poverty, tackling social exclusion, lowering the effects of poverty traps for most vulnerable groups of people and helping families with children.